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Military Materials

American Revolution/War for America

Basic Timeline of the War in South Carolina

1775

• A Provincial Congress is organized in South Carolina, it is comprised by a number of members of the SC House of Commons.
• 21 Apr    The Provincial Congress's "Secret Committee of Five", led by William Henry Drayton, seizes 1,600 pounds of gunpowder, 800 guns and 200 cutlasses from the British government.
• 3 May    Arthur Lee's letter arrives in Charles Town from London, regarding putting down the rebellion.
• 8 May    Word reaches South Carolina that fighting has broken out in the North at Lexington and Concord.  The Provincial Congress, under Henry Laurens, authorizes the enlisting and training of 1,500 troops.
• 29 May    South Carolina Gazette publishes the text of a letter from an American in London regarding British plans to promote slave revolts.
• After this point, the government of the Colony is de facto in the hands of the Provincial Congress and its Council of Safety.
• John Murray, Earl of Dunmore, Royal Governor of Virginia, passes a proclamation freeing slaves who leave their masters to fight for the Royal side.
• 18 June    Lord William Campbell, the new Royal Governor of South Carolina, arrives in Charles Town aboard the Scorpion.  He is coldly received.  However, a delegation from the Provincial Congress requests that he inform the King that they don't necessarily want independence.
• June         Two Loyalist citizens of Charles Town, James Dealy and Laughlin Martin, are tarred and feathered for speaking out against the Committee of Correspondence, and stating that they hoped that Catholics, Indians and Blacks would be armed.'
• 18 Aug        A free Black pilot is hanged for saying that he would be happy to guide British ships across the bar of Charles Town harbor.
• Mid Sept    Governor Campbell moves his entourage aboard the sloop Tamar. It and several other ships anchor off Sullivan's Island in Charles Town Harbor, where they become the center of fugitive slave encampments.
• Mid Sept    William Henry Drayton's forces Whig supporters meet a force of Loyalists on the Saluda River.  There is no actual fighting, although tension in the Up-Country region is high between the two factions.
• 1 Nov        A second Provincial Congress is convened, with William Henry Drayton as its president.
• A number of locations are fortified around Charles Town, and around the state, on the order of the rebel Councils of Safety.
• Nov 19-21    A battle at Ninety Six fort.  560 Rebel soldiers under Maj Andrew Williamson capture a wagon train of ammunition being transported to the Indians as part of their hunting allotment.  They are eventually defeated by 1500+ Loyalist soldiers, under Patrick Cunningham and Joseph Robinson, when a truce is called between the sides. The Loyalists then confiscate the ammunition.  There are no British soldiers or officers around. ("Fort 96" was an old British fort, so named, since it was 96 miles south of Cherokee capitol of Keowee).
• 19 Dec    A party of 54 rebel soldiers, dressed like Indians, and led by Col William Moultrie, attack the fugitive slave camp on Sullivan's Island, killing several runaway slaves and burning their homes.
• Dec        Governor Campbell takes an unknown number of fugitive slaves and returns to England.  He takes with him the Royal Seal of the Colony.
• Dec        "The Snow Campaign"  Rebels attack Loyalist groups in spite of the truce.  A group of 2500 rebel troops led by Col Richard Richardson, under the orders of the Council of Safety, retake the ammunition from the 96 engagement.

1776

• 26 Mar    South Carolina adopts a state constitution, and elects John Rutledge as President, and Henry Laurens as Vice President.
• Apr         The Continental Congress prohibits the import of Africans to any of the thirteen colonies.
• Jun          Sir Peter Parker arrives in Charleston Harbor with a flotilla of nine vessels.
• 28 Jun    The Battle of Fort Sullivan sets Sir Peter Parker against Col William Moultrie.
• 8 Jul       Parker withdraws his vessels and takes them north to New York, abandoning Charleston to the rebels.
• After this, the Cherokee allies of the British attack the northern settlements.   The South Carolina militia is sent into the Uplands to deal with the Cherokees.

1777

• May    Georgia and South Carolina representatives meet with the Cherokees at Dewitt's Corner, and concluded a treaty that gives to the state the northwestern counties.

1778

• Feb    At Valley Forge, John Laurens suggests to his father, Henry Laurens (president of the Continental Congress) that a well chosen regiment of black troops would be useful.  This suggestion is met with disdain
• South Carolina passes an act granting 200 acres of land to Continental Line Troops from SC, in the new districts (now Anderson, Oconee and Pickens Cos).

1779

• Jan           British forces under General Augustine Prevost capture Savannah.
• May         General Prevost crosses the Ashley River, and attacks Charleston.  General Benjamin Lincoln chases him off.
• The title of principle officer of state is changed to "Governor".

1780

• Feb-Mar          British General Sir Henry Clinton leads men and a fleet to Charleston.  Clinton lays siege to Charleston.  Small battles begin to be fought between British and American forces.         
• Apr          Forts Moultrie and Johnson fall to the British.  Col. Tarleton cuts up a rebel force at Monck's Corner.
• 25 Apr     Fort Granby falls to the British.
• 12 May    Charleston falls after a short British siege.   Clinton releases the Militia on parole, and locks up the Continental "regulars". 
• 13 May    (First date on Stub records for Col. Philemon Waters Regt)
• May-Jun   Within days of the fall of Charleston, Cornwallis has occupied Augusta, Ninety Six, Camden and establish smaller garrisons at Rocky Mount, Cheraw, and Georgetown.  This is about the same time that British troops camping out establish what will be the town of Newberry.
• 29 May    Tarleton's dragoons capture a detachment of infantry, under Col Abraham buford, outside Lancaster.  The rebels surrender and ask for quarter, and Tarleton's men slaughter them.
• 8 Jun Before he leaves to return to New York, Clinton proclaims that all paroled Militia must take up arms for England, or be classified as traitors and risk hanging.  This has the effect of cutting out all neutrals that might have remained.  The British in Charleston start recruiting locals to fill out their occupation force.
• Early July  By this point, there have been over fifteen clashes between Whigs and Tories.
• 16 Aug     British under Cornwallis defeat (and nearly whip out) rebels under MG Horatio Gates at Camden.  The Regulars under General Johann Kalb are forced to withdraw when the Militia flees. Kalb is killed in the rout.
• 27 Aug     "The Swamp Fox" (Francis Marion) leads a militia raid at Kingstree.
• 7 Oct       American frontiersmen take Loyalist positions under Major Ferguson at King's Mountain

1781

• 17 Jan     Americans win a victory at Cowpens.
• 24 Feb    (Date of Maj Livingston's Muster Roll for Feb-Apr 1781)
• 25 Apr    Hobkirk Hill.
• May        A battle at Ninety Six fort.  550 Loyalist soldiers, under LTC John Cruger,  are defeated by 1100 rebel soldiers under General Nathaniel Green.
• 15 Jul     British forces land at Strawberry Ferry, and meet up with the Royal 19th  Regt at Biggin Church.
• 17 Jul     Col Coates burns Biggin Church before proceeding on a plantation by plantation search and destroy mission.  They later engage a rebel force at the Battle of Quenby Bridge.  The Americans lose the battle, but the British don't come up the river again.
• 18 Sep    Eutaw Springs
• 19 Oct    General Charles Lord Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown, Virginia.

1782

• Jan-Feb   Rebel troops sack and burn loyalist plantations near Charleston.
• 24 Feb    Wambaw plantation is seized by American troops to retaliate against its Loyalist owner.
• 19 Apr    (Letter describing murders of 300 Loyalists in 96th Dist, S. Camden, and 5 in Charleston)
• Jun          John Laurens again presents his plan to arm black troops.
• Aug         John Laurens is killed in a skirmish with British troops on the Combahee River.
• 16 Nov    (Last date on Stub records for Col. Philemon Waters Regt)
• 14 Dec    British Soldiers leave Charleston.  With them are numerous Loyalists and upwards of 6000 black Loyalists and slaves.

1783

• 3 Sep    Final Treaty of Paris signed.
• South Carolina Legislature passed resolutions confiscating property of those still resident who had fought for the British.
• 25 Nov    Last British troops leave New York City.

1786

• 12 Apr    Date of Stub record for Frederick Le Crown (?)