History of Medieval Greenland
Sources and Links of Interest:

This page was created by Marc Carlson
It was last edited 30 July 2006

• Page 1.  Before 1350
• Page 2   After 1350
• Page 3   Sources and Links of Interest

• Adam of Bremen. Descriptio Insularum Aquilonis/ Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum.
• Arneborg, J., J. Heinemeier, N. Lynnerup, H. L. Nielsen, N. Rud, and Á. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir. Radiocarbon 41 (1999): 157.
• Arneborg, Jette. "A Very Preliminary Report on the Find of Textiles and Textile Equipment in Greenland." Archaeological Textiles Newsletter (1992).
• Arneborg, Jette. "Burgunderhuer, Baskere Og Døde Nordboer I Herjolfsnæs." Nationalmuseets Arbejdsmark (1996): 75-83.
• Arneborg, Jette, J. Heinemeier, N. Lynnerup, H. L. Nielsen, N. Rud, and Á. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir. "C-14 Dating and the Disappearance of Norsemen from Greenland." Europhysics News 33, no. 3 (2002).
• Audun's Story.
• Barlow, L. K., J. P. Sadler, A. E. J. Ogilvie, P. C. Buckland, T. Amorosi, J. H. Ingimundarson, P. Skidmore, A. J. Dugmore, and T. H. Mcgovern. "Interdisciplinary Investigations of the End of the Norse Western Settlement in Greenland." Holocene 7, no. 4 (1997): 489-499.
• Brown, Dale Mackenzie. The Fate of Greenland's Vikings. 28 February 2000; 14 March 2002 2000. Accessed. Available from http://www.archaeology.org/found.php?page=/online/features/greenland/index.html.
• Buckland, P. C. "An Insects-Eye View of the Norse Farm." In The Viking Age in Caithness., Orkney & the North Atlantic, ed. C.E. Batey, J. Jesch and C. D. Morris, 506-527: Edinburgh University Press, 1993.
• Buckland, P. C., T. Amorosi, L. K. Barlow, A. J. Dugmore, P. A. Mayewski, T. H. Mcgovern, A. E. J. Ogilvie, J. P. Sadler, and P. Skidmore. "Bioarchaeological and Climateological Evidence for the Fate of Norse Farmers in Medieval Greenland." Antiquity 70, no. 267 (1996): 88-96.
• Buckland, P. C., and P. Skidmore. Insect Remains from Gårdet under Sandet (Gus),
• an Interim Report. Accessed 2004. Available from http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/academic/A-C/ap/research/grenland.html.
• Carlson, I. Marc. History of Medieval Greenland, and Associated Places, Like Iceland and Vinland. 2 February 2004 2001. Accessed. Available from http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/history/grontime.html.
• Carlson, I. Marc. Shoes in Greenland: A Comparison to Shoes and Shoemaking on the Continent. 2001. Accessed. Available from http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/shoe/RESEARCH/greenshoe/greenshoe.html.
• Dahl-Jensen, D., K. Mosegaard, N. Gundestrup, G. D. Clow, S. J. Johnsen, A. W. Hansen, and N. Balling. Science 282 (1998): 268.
• Dicuil. Liber De Mensura Orbis Terrae.
• Eiriks Saga Rauda (Eirik the Red's Saga)].
• Elmore, D., and F. M. Phillips. Science 236 (1987): 543.
• Erngaard, E. Greenland Then and Now, 1972.
• Fagan, Brian M. The Little Ice Age : How Climate Made History, 1300-1850. New York, NY: Basic Books, 2000.
• Finnur, Jónsson. "Interpretation of the Runic Inscriptions from Herjolfsnes." In Meddelelser Om Gronland: Udgivne Af Kommissionen for Ledelsen Af De Geologiske Og Geogrfiske Undersogelser I Gronland, LXVII, [271]-290. København: B. Luno, 1924.
• Fischer-Møller, Knud, and W. E. Calvert. The Mediaeval Norse Settlements in Greenland; Anthropological Investigations Meddelelser Om Grønland, Udgivne Af Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersøgelser I Grønland.; Bd. 89, Nr. 2; Variation: Denmark.; Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersøgelser I Grønland.; Meddelelser Om Grønland ;; Bd. 89, Nr. 2. København: C.A. Reitzel, 1942.
• Fitzhugh, William W. and Jacqueline S. Olin, eds. Archeology of the Frobisher Voyages. Washington, London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993.
• Fitzhugh, William W. and Dosia Laeyendecker. "A Brief Narrative of the Frobisher Voyages." in Fitzhugh, William W. and Jacqueline S. Olin. Archeology of the Frobisher Voyages. Washington, London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993.
• Fitzhugh, William W., and Elisabeth I. Ward, eds. Vikings, the North Atlantic Saga. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2000.
• Gad, F. History of Greenland from Earliest Times to 1700. 3 vols., 1971–83.
• Graenlendinga Saga (Greenlander's Saga).
• Grnlands geologiske, undersgelse, and undersgelse Danmarks og Grnlands geologiske. Bulletin - Grnlands Geologiske Undersgelse. Bulletin - Geological Survey of Greenland. Kbenhavn: Grnlands geologiske undersogelse etc., 1948.
• Gulløv, Hans Christian. From Middle Ages to Colonial Times : Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Studies of the Thule Culture in South West Greenland 1300-1800 Ad. Vol. 23 Meddelelser Om Grønland. Man & Society,; 23.1997; Variation: Meddelelser Om Grønland.; Man & Society ;; 1997-23. Copenhagen, Denmark: Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland, 1997.
• Hansen, Fr C. C. "Anthropologia Medico-Historica Groenlandiæ Antiquæ I. Herjolfsnes." In Meddelelser Om Gronland: Udgivne Af Kommissionen for Ledelsen Af De Geologiske Og Geogrfiske Undersogelser I Gronland, LXVII. København: C.A. Reitzels Forlag, 1924.
• Harbottle, Garman, Richard G. Cresswell, and Raymond W. Stoenner. "Carbon-14 Dating of Iron Blooms from Kodlunarn Island." in Fitzhugh, William W. and Jacqueline S. Olin. Archeology of the Frobisher Voyages. Washington, London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993.
• Ingstad, Helge. National Geographic (1960).
• Ingstad, Helge. Västervägen Till Vinland: Hur Man Fann Vikingarnas Boplaster I Nordamerika. Stockholm: Forum, 1965.
• Ingstad, Helge, and Anne Stine Ingstad. The Viking Discovery of America : The Excavation of a Norse Settlement in L'anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland. New York: Checkmark Books/Facts on File, 2001.
• Íslendingabók.
• Jansen, Henrik M. A Critical Account of the Written and Archaeological Sources' Evidence Concerning the Norse Settlements in Greenland Meddelelser Om Grønland, Bd. 182, Nr. 4; Variation: Meddelelser Om Grønland ;; Bd. 182, Nr. 4. Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel, 1972.
• Jones, Gwyn. The Norse Atlantic Saga, 1964.
• Jones, Gwyn. Eirik the Red : And Other Icelandic Sagas. London ; New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.
• Jones, Gwyn. A History of the Vikings. Rev. ed. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.
• Krogh, K. J. Erik Den Rødes Grønland. København: Nationalmuseet, 1982.
• Kuijpers, A., N. Abrahamsen, G. Hoffman, V. Hühnerbach, P. Konradi, H. Kunzendorf, N. Mikkelsen, J. Thiede, and W. Weinrebe. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 183 (1998): 61.
• Landnamabok.
• Larson, Laurence Marcellus, and tr. The King's Mirror (Speculum Regalae - Konungs Skuggsjá) Scandinavian Monographs,; V. 35;. New York: American-Scandinavian Foundation London Humphrey Milford, 1917.
• Lepthien, E. U. "Greenland." (1989).
• Lynnerup, Niels. The Greenland Norse, a Biological-Anthropological Study. Vol. 18 Mog Man & Society, 1998.
• Magnusson, M. The Vinland Sagas.
• Malaurie, Jean. Last Kings of Thule, 1985.
• Malaurie, Jean. The Last Kings of Thule: With the Polar Eskimos, as They Face Their Destiny. 1st ed. New York: Dutton, 1982.
• Mathiassen, Therkel. Contributions to the Archaeology of Disko Bay. Vol. 93 Nr. 2 Meddelelser Om Gronland: Udgivne Af Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersogelser I Gronland. København: C.A. Reitzels Forlag, 1934.
• Nörlund, Poul. Norse Ruins at Gardar.
• Nörlund, Poul. Viking Settlers in Greenland.
• Nörlund, Poul. "Buried Norsemen at Herjolfsnes: An Archaeological and Historical Study." In Meddelelser Om Gronland: Udgivne Af Kommissionen for Ledelsen Af De Geologiske Og Geogrfiske Undersogelser I Gronland, LXVII. København: C.A. Reitzels Forlag, 1924.
• Nörlund, Poul, and Marten Stenberger. Brattahlid. Vol. 88 Nr. 1 Meddelelser Om Gronland: Udgivne Af Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersogelser I Gronland. København: C.A. Reitzels Forlag, 1934.
• Paine, Myron. The Frozen Trail. Accessed. Available from http://hometown.aol.com/frozntrl.
• Panagiotakopulu, E. Fleas, Flies, and Lice from Norse Greenland. Accessed. Available from http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/academic/A-C/ap/research/greenland/greenland1.html.
• Petersen, Rassmussen, and Rud Heinemeier. "Clams before Columbus." Nature 359 (1992): 679.
• Reynolds, Terry S., and Stephen H. Cutcliffe. Technology & the West : A Historical Anthology from Technology & Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
• Rousell, Aage. Sandnes and the Neighboring Farms. Vol. 88 Nr. 2 Meddelelser Om Gronland: Udgivne Af Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersogelser I Gronland. København: C.A. Reitzels Forlag, 1936.
• Rousell, Aage. Farms and Churches in the Mediaeval Norse Settlements of Greenland. Vol. 89 Nr. 1 Meddelelser Om Gronland: Udgivne Af Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersogelser I Gronland. København: C.A. Reitzels Forlag, 1941.
• Saxo Grammaticus.
• Schiller, Barbara, William Bosk, and Gwyn Jones. The Vinlanders' Saga. 1st ed. New York: Holt Reinhart and Winston, 1966.
• Seaver, Kirsten A. The Frozen Echo: Greenland and the Exploration of North America, Ca. A.D. 1000-1500. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996.
• Spalding, Timothy. Vinlanda: Vinland and the Vinland Map. Accessed. Available from http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/vinland/.
• Stefansson, V. Greenland, 1942.
• Story of Einar Sokkason.
• Suter, M. Europhysics News 3/16 (2000): 16.
• Vebæk, C.L. Vatnahverfi, an Insland District of the Eastern Settlement in Greenland. Vol. 17 Meddellelser Om Gronland, Man & Society, 1992.
• Vebæk, C.L. Narsaq - a Norse Landnáma Farm. Vol. 18 Meddellelser Om Gronland, Man & Society, 1993.
• Vebæk, Christen Leif. Inland Farms in the Norse East Settlement. Vol. 90 Nr. 1 Meddelelser Om Gronland: Udgivne Af Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersogelser I Gronland. København: C.A. Reitzels Forlag, 1943.
• Wallace. Norse Expansion into North America.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensington_Runestone
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomans_Land_%28Massachusetts%29